General Instruction:
All Questions are Compulsory.
Question No. 1 to 4 carries one mark each.
Question No. 5 to 10 carry three marks each.
Question No. 11 and 12 carry five marks each.
- What is climate?
- What is weather?
- What is loo?
- What is the full form of ITCZ?
- Write a short note on windward side.
- Write a short note on leeward side.
- How Himalayas play a vital role in formulating the climate of India?
- Write three features of Advancing Monsoon.
- Write three features of Retreating Monsoon.
- Why does Mumbai receive more rainfall in rainy season?
- What are the features of cold weather season in India?
- What are the features of hot weather season in India?
CBSE TEST PAPER-05
Class –IX Social Science (Climate)
[ANSWERS]
1) It is the average weather conditions and variations of an area for a longer period of time. It includes the study of temperature, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, etc.
2) Weather refers to day to day state of the atmosphere in a region. It also includes temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind.
3) These are strong, hot, and dry summer winds.
4) Intertropical Convergence Zone.
5) a) The areas or the side of a mountain which gets more rain is called the windward side.
b) It receives more rain because it happens to be on the prevailing side of the winds. For Eg., southwest monsoon winds blow from the western side, so the western part of the western ghats has heavy showers of rain while the eastern part gets lesser rainfall. On the windward side of a mountain, the air rises. As it rises, the air cools and it can no longer hold all the moisture it has been carrying. so it precipitates heavily.
c) Mumbai is on the windward side. So gets heavy rainfall.
6) a) On the leeward side most of the moisture has been wrung out during its windward ascent and the descending motion causes the air to warm and evaporate any remaining moisture. It is also referred to as the rain shadow region.
b) The eastern part of the western ghats is generally referred to as the leeward side.
c) Pune is on the leeward side, so gets less rainfall.
7) a) The Himalayas acts as a barrier for the southwest monsoon and when they strike the Himalayas they shed their moisture which brings rainfall in North India.
b) They prevent the bitter cold wind of Central Asia and Siberia from entering India from the North.
c) The Himalayas check the monsoon wind and do not allow them to cross over to the other side but divert them back towards the Bay of Bengal in the form of a retreating monsoon.
8) The low-pressure condition over the northern plains intensifies at this time. It attracts the trade winds from the southern hemisphere.B.These south-east trade winds cross the equator and blow in a south-westerly direction to enter the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoon. These winds bring abundant moisture to India.
a) The monsoon winds cover the country in about a month; barring the extreme northwest. The windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, early in the rainy season.
b) The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some rain, in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.
c) The north-eastern part of the country receives the maximum rainfall of this season Monsoon advances in the month of June and covers the country in about a month.
9) a) October and November are the months of retreating monsoon. The monsoon trough or the low-pressure trough becomes weaker over the northern plains with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south during October-November.
b) This is replaced slowly by a high-pressure system. The October-November months form a transition period from the hot rainy season to dry winter season.
c) The monsoon withdraws from the northern plains at the beginning of October. It is marked by clear sky, moist ground, and high temperatures giving birth to October Heat.
10) a) The southwest monsoon winds are divided into two divisions i.e. Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. Mumbai receives more rainfall in the rainy season from the Arabian Sea branch from June-September.
b) Mumbai is located on the western coast which comes in the way Arabian Sea branch.
c) It is located on the windward side of the Western Ghats which receives very heavy rainfall of about 250 cm annually.
11) a) The cold weather season remains from mid-November to February in northern India. December and January are known as the coldest months in the northern parts of India.
b) The temperature decreases from the south to the North. The Average temperature of Southern states is between 24o to 25oCelsius, while in the Northern plains it ranges between 10o to 15o Celsius.
c) The temperature is pleasant in the day and cold during the night.
d) There is snowfall on the higher slopes of the Himalayas and frost is common in the north.
e) The northeast trade winds flow over the country during this season. They blow from land to sea and they do not bring rain. The weather is normally marked by a clear sky, low temperature, and low humidity.
f) The inflow of cyclonic disturbance from the west and the northwest are typical features of the cold weather seasons over the Northern plains.
12) a) There is a hot weather season from March to May in India.
b) The temperature recording was taken during March-May at different latitudes clearly shows the influence of the shifting of the heat belt.
c) The temperature is about 35o Celsius in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in April. In May, the temperature commonly reaches 45o Celsius in the north western parts of the country.
d) Due to the moderating influence of the oceans, the temperature remains lower in peninsular India.
e) The temperature rises and air pressure falls in the northern part of the country during the summer month.
f) At the end of May, an elongated low-pressure area develops in the region extending from the Thar Desert in the northwest to Patna and Chota Nagpur plateau in the east and south-east.
g) ‘Loo’ is the most striking feature of the hot weather season. These are strong, hot, and dry summer winds. With very high temperatures it can cause deadly sunstrokes.
h) Towards the end of the season Kerela and Karnataka receives pre-monsoon showers, often called “Mango Showers” as it helps in the early ripening of the mangoes
